在vmware中添加4块硬盘,做raid5 这里不做备份盘,
1,更新分区信息，
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
2,为硬盘分区；
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): dSelected partition 1Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x7161a9e8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id SystemCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-130, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): Using default value 130Command (m for help): tSelected partition 1Hex code (type L to list codes): 8eChanged system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdcDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcb372ed1.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): n
Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-130, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): Using default value 130Command (m for help): tSelected partition 1Hex code (type L to list codes): 8eChanged system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xcb372ed1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 130 1044193+ 8e Linux LVMCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sddDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xffc652e0.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-130, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): Using default value 130Command (m for help): tSelected partition 1Hex code (type L to list codes): 8eChanged system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdeDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd0cf69f4.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-130, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): Using default value 130Command (m for help): tSelected partition 1Hex code (type L to list codes): 8eChanged system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@localhost ~]# fdisl -lbash: fdisl: command not found[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0007d019 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 26 91 524288 82 Linux swap / SolarisPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda3 91 2611 20241408 83 LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x7161a9e8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xcb372ed1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 130 1044193+ 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xffc652e0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdd1 1 130 1044193+ 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sde: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xd0cf69f4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sde1 1 130 1044193+ 8e Linux LVM3，建立raid5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --create --auto=yes /dev/md5 --level=5 --raid-device=4 /dev/sd{b..e}1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md5/dev/md5: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Wed May 29 23:29:01 2013 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 3130368 (2.99 GiB 3.21 GB) Used Dev Size : 1043456 (1019.17 MiB 1068.50 MB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed May 29 23:29:15 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 4Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain) UUID : 699389f8:98757123:8814f027:4c7117fc Events : 18 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 4 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md5 : active raid5 sde1[4] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] sdb1[0] 3130368 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]4，建立raid5的配置文件，设置系统启动时启动raid[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >>/etc/mdadm.conf [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf ARRAY /dev/md5 UUID=699389f8:98757123:8814f027:4c7117fc5，建立lvm[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/md5
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/md5" Physical volume "/dev/md5" successfully created[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate haha /dev/md5 Volume group "haha" successfully created[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name haha System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 2.98 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 763 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 763 / 2.98 GiB VG UUID 6dBs5x-TTHn-NWQE-3BIH-dVXJ-OUne-1xAIWE[root@localhost ~]# vgchange -ay haha //激活卷组 无需重启系统 0 logical volume(s) in volume group "haha" now active[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -l 763 -n lvhaha haha //建立LV lvhaha 大小2.98G Logical volume "lvhaha" created6，格式化逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/haha/lvhaha
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)文件系统标签=操作系统:Linux块大小=4096 (log=2)分块大小=4096 (log=2)Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=384 blocks195456 inodes, 781312 blocks39065 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user第一个数据块=0Maximum filesystem blocks=80111206424 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8144 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.7，挂载到目录[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /lvhaha
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/haha/lvhaha /lvhaha/[root@localhost ~]# df -hT
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点/dev/sda3 ext4 20G 3.5G 15G 20% /tmpfs tmpfs 495M 276K 495M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 ext4 194M 28M 156M 16% /boot/dev/mapper/haha-lvhaha ext4 3.0G 69M 2.8G 3% /lvhaha8，让系统启动是自动挂载，[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0/dev/haha/lvhaha /lvhaha ext4 defaults 0 09， 查看分区空间与状态[root@localhost ~]# df -h /lvhaha/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点/dev/mapper/haha-lvhaha 3.0G 69M 2.8G 3% /lvhaha[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/md5 VG Name haha PV Size 2.99 GiB / not usable 5.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 763 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 763 PV UUID hmD22I-7iwk-qi23-Z5l0-CiKx-0etr-AWaqTq10，模拟故障/dev/sdd1盘坏了，[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 --fail /dev/sdd1
mdadm: set /dev/sdd1 faulty in /dev/md5[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstatPersonalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md5 : active raid5 sdb1[0] sde1[4] sdd1[2](F) sdc1[1] 3130368 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UU_U]11，解决办法，添加新盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -a /dev/sdd1
mdadm: added /dev/sdd1